GhJSON Format Specification

Version: 1.0
Status: Draft
Last Updated: 2026-01-12

Introduction
Document Structure
Components
Connections
Groups
Data Types
Component-Specific Formats
Validation
Examples

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose

GhJSON is a JSON-based format for representing Grasshopper definitions. It provides a human-readable, portable way to serialize and deserialize Grasshopper documents, enabling:

Version control: Track changes to Grasshopper definitions in Git
AI integration: Enable AI tools to read and generate Grasshopper definitions
Cross-platform sharing: Share definitions without binary format dependencies
Automation: Programmatically create and modify definitions

1.2 Design Principles

Human-readable: JSON format with meaningful property names
Compact: Optimized representations (e.g., compact pivot format)
Complete: Captures all necessary information to reconstruct a definition
Extensible: Supports custom properties and future enhancements
Backward-compatible: Legacy formats are supported during deserialization

1.3 File Extension

GhJSON files use the .ghjson extension.

1.4 Encoding

GhJSON files MUST be encoded in UTF-8 without BOM.

2. Document Structure

A GhJSON document is a JSON object with the following top-level structure:

{
  "schema": "1.0",
  "metadata": { ... },
  "components": [ ... ],
  "connections": [ ... ],
  "groups": [ ... ]
}

2.1 Properties

Property	Type	Required	Description
`schema`	string	No	GhJSON schema version (default: “1.0”)
`metadata`	object	No	Document metadata
`components`	array	Yes	List of components
`connections`	array	No	List of connections
`groups`	array	No	List of groups

2.2 Metadata

The metadata object contains information about the document:

{
  "metadata": {
    "description": "A parametric tower generator",
    "author": "Jane Smith",
    "version": "2",
    "created": "2026-01-10T14:30:00Z",
    "modified": "2026-01-11T09:15:00Z",
    "rhinoVersion": "8.24",
    "grasshopperVersion": "1.0.0007",
    "dependencies": ["Kangaroo2", "LunchBox"],
    "componentCount": 45,
    "connectionCount": 12,
    "groupCount": 3
  }
}

Property	Type	Description
`description`	string	Description of the definition
`author`	string	Author name
`version`	string	Definition version
`created`	string	ISO 8601 creation timestamp
`modified`	string	ISO 8601 modification timestamp
`rhinoVersion`	string	Target Rhino version
`grasshopperVersion`	string	Target Grasshopper version
`dependencies`	string[]	Required plugin dependencies
`componentCount`	integer	Total component count
`connectionCount`	integer	Total connection count
`groupCount`	integer	Total group count

3. Components

Components are the core elements of a GhJSON document. Each component represents a Grasshopper component or parameter on the canvas.

3.1 Component Structure

{
  "name": "Addition",
  "library": "Maths",
  "nickName": "Add",
  "componentGuid": "a0d62394-a118-422d-abb3-6af115c75b25",
  "instanceGuid": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc",
  "id": 1,
  "pivot": "100,200",
  "inputSettings": [ ... ],
  "outputSettings": [ ... ],
  "componentState": { ... }
}

3.2 Component Properties

Property	Type	Required	Description
`name`	string	Conditional	Display name of the component
`library`	string	No	Component library/category
`nickName`	string	No	Custom nickname
`componentGuid`	uuid	No	Component type GUID
`instanceGuid`	uuid	No	Instance GUID
`id`	integer	Conditional	Integer ID for references (required when referenced by connections/groups)
`pivot`	string or object	No	Canvas position (string: “X,Y” or object: `{ "x": 100, "y": 200 }`)
`inputSettings`	array	No	Input parameter settings
`outputSettings`	array	No	Output parameter settings
`componentState`	object	No	UI-specific state
`warnings`	string[]	No	Warning messages
`errors`	string[]	No	Error messages
`remarks`	string[]	No	Remark messages

3.3 Pivot Format

The pivot property uses a compact string format:

"pivot": "100.5,200.25"

Or an explicit object format:

"pivot": { "x": 100.5, "y": 200.25 }

3.4 Component Identification

Components MUST have at least one identifier (id or instanceGuid). Library implementations MAY auto-assign sequential id values to components lacking identifiers during document construction.

Components can be identified with any of these combinations:

By Name + ID: name with compact integer id
By Name + Instance GUID: name plus instanceGuid
By Component GUID + ID: componentGuid plus id
By Component GUID + Instance GUID: componentGuid plus instanceGuid

You MAY include both componentGuid and name together. For reliable instantiation, include componentGuid and an id when the component will be referenced by connections or groups.

3.5 Integer IDs

The id property provides a compact integer reference for use in connections and groups. IDs:

MUST be positive integers (≥ 1)
MUST be unique within the document
SHOULD be sequential (1, 2, 3, …)

3.6 Parameter Settings (`inputSettings` / `outputSettings`)

The optional inputSettings and outputSettings arrays configure a component’s parameters.

Each item is a Parameter Settings object:

Property	Type	Required	Description
`parameterName`	string	Yes	The parameter name
`nickName`	string	No	Custom nickname
`variableName`	string	No	Script parameter variable name
`description`	string	No	Parameter description
`dataMapping`	string	No	Mapping mode: `none`, `flatten`, `graft`
`expression`	string	No	Expression (presence implies an expression exists)
`access`	string	No	Script access: `item`, `list`, `tree`
`typeHint`	string	No	Script type hint (e.g., `double`, `Point3d`)
`isPrincipal`	boolean	No	Principal/master input
`isRequired`	boolean	No	Required parameter for variable parameter components
`isReparameterized`	boolean	No	Domain reparameterization
`isReversed`	boolean	No	Reverse modifier
`isSimplified`	boolean	No	Simplify modifier
`isInverted`	boolean	No	Invert modifier (boolean params)
`isUnitized`	boolean	No	Unitize modifier (vector params)
`internalizedData`	object	No	Internalized data tree

4. Connections

Connections represent the wires between component parameters.

4.1 Connection Structure

{
  "connections": [
    {
      "from": { "id": 1, "paramIndex": 0 },
      "to": { "id": 2, "paramIndex": 0 }
    }
  ]
}

4.2 Connection Properties

Property	Type	Required	Description
`from`	endpoint	Yes	Source endpoint (output)
`to`	endpoint	Yes	Target endpoint (input)

4.3 Endpoint Properties

Property	Type	Required	Description
`id`	integer	Yes	Component integer ID
`paramName`	string	Conditional	Parameter name (required if `paramIndex` is not provided)
`paramIndex`	integer	Conditional	Zero-based parameter index (required if `paramName` is not provided)

The paramIndex provides reliable parameter matching when parameter names may vary due to localization or custom nicknames.

5. Groups

Groups organize components visually on the canvas.

5.1 Group Structure

{
  "groups": [
    {
      "instanceGuid": "abcd1234-5678-90ab-cdef-1234567890ab",
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Input Parameters",
      "color": "argb:255,200,220,255",
      "members": [1, 2, 3]
    }
  ]
}

5.2 Group Properties

Property	Type	Required	Description
`instanceGuid`	uuid	Conditional	Group instance GUID (required if `id` is not provided; both may be present)
`id`	integer	Conditional	Group integer ID (required if `instanceGuid` is not provided; both may be present)
`name`	string	No	Group name/nickname
`color`	string	No	ARGB color with prefix (`argb:A,R,G,B`), each channel 0–255
`members`	integer[]	Yes	Component IDs in this group

6. Data Types

GhJSON uses prefixed string formats for geometric and special data types.

6.1 Basic Types

Type	Format	Example
Text	`text:value`	`"text:Hello World"`
Number	`number:value`	`"number:3.14159"`
Integer	`integer:value`	`"integer:42"`
Boolean	`boolean:value`	`"boolean:true"`

6.2 Geometric Types

Type	Format	Example
Point	`pointXYZ:x,y,z`	`"pointXYZ:1,2,3"`
Vector	`vectorXYZ:x,y,z`	`"vectorXYZ:0,0,1"`
Line	`line2p:x1,y1,z1;x2,y2,z2`	`"line2p:0,0,0;1,0,0"`
Plane	`planeOXY:ox,oy,oz;xx,xy,xz;yx,yy,yz`	`"planeOXY:0,0,0;1,0,0;0,1,0"`
Circle	`circleCNRS:cx,cy,cz;nx,ny,nz;r;sx,sy,sz`	`"circleCNRS:0,0,0;0,0,1;5;1,0,0"`
Arc	`arc3P:x1,y1,z1;x2,y2,z2;x3,y3,z3`	`"arc3P:0,0,0;1,1,0;2,0,0"`
Box	`boxOXY:ox,oy,oz;xx,xy,xz;yx,yy,yz;x0,x1;y0,y1;z0,z1`	See spec
Rectangle	`rectangleCXY:cx,cy,cz;xx,xy,xz;yx,yy,yz;w,h`	See spec
Interval	`interval:min<max`	`"interval:0<10"`
Bounds	`bounds:WxH`	`"bounds:150x100"`
Color	`argb:a,r,g,b`	`"argb:255,128,64,32"`

7. Component-Specific Formats

7.1 Number Slider

Number sliders use a compact value format:

{
  "name": "Number Slider",
  "componentState": {
    "extensions": {
      "gh.numberslider": {
        "value": "5.5<0~10>"
      }
    }
  }
}

Format: value<min~max> where:

value is the current value
min is the minimum value
max is the maximum value
Decimal precision is determined by the value with the most decimal places

Additional properties:

rounding: Rounding mode (“Round”, “None”, “Even”, “Odd”)

7.2 Panel

{
  "name": "Panel",
  "componentState": {
    "extensions": {
      "gh.panel": {
        "text": "Hello World",
        "multiline": true,
        "wrap": true,
        "drawIndices": false,
        "drawPaths": true,
        "alignment": "Left",
        "bounds": ["150x100"]
      }
    }
  }
}

7.3 Value List

{
  "name": "Value List",
  "componentState": {
    "extensions": {
      "gh.valuelist": {
        "listMode": "DropDown",
        "items": [
          { "name": "Option A", "expression": "0", "selected": true },
          { "name": "Option B", "expression": "1" },
          { "name": "Option C", "expression": "2" }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

listMode is an implementation-defined string (the schema does not enforce a fixed set of values).

7.4 Script Components (C#, Python, IronPython)

Script components (C#, Python 3, IronPython 2) store their code and configuration in the componentState.extensions object:

{
  "name": "C# Script",
  "inputSettings": [
    {
      "parameterName": "x",
      "variableName": "x",
      "typeHint": "double",
      "access": "item"
    }
  ],
  "outputSettings": [
    {
      "parameterName": "A",
      "variableName": "A",
      "typeHint": "object"
    }
  ],
  "componentState": {
    "extensions": {
      "gh.csharp": {
        "code": "A = x * 2;",
        "showStandardOutput": true,
        "avoidMarshalGuids": true,
        "avoidGraftOutputs": true,
        "avoidMarshalInputs": true,
        "outModifiers": {
          "isSimplified": true,
          "isReversed": false,
          "dataMapping": "Graft",
          "expression": "x * 2"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Extension keys:

gh.csharp — C# Script component
gh.python — Python 3 Script component
gh.ironpython — IronPython 2 Script component

Extension properties:

Property	Type	Required	Description
`code`	string	Yes	Script source code
`showStandardOutput`	boolean	No	Whether to show the “out” parameter (default: true)
`avoidMarshalGuids`	boolean	No	“Avoid Marshalling Output Guids” — `true` when enabled (default: `false`)
`avoidGraftOutputs`	boolean	No	“Avoid Grafting Output Lines” — `true` when enabled (default: `false`)
`avoidMarshalInputs`	boolean	No	“Avoid Marshalling Inputs” — `true` when enabled (default: `false`)
`outModifiers`	object	No	Modifiers for the “out” parameter (see below)

Out Parameter Modifiers:

The outModifiers object captures modifiers for the “out” standard output parameter:

Property	Type	Description
`isSimplified`	boolean	Simplify output data tree
`isReversed`	boolean	Reverse output data tree
`dataMapping`	string	Data mapping mode: `"None"`, `"Flatten"`, or `"Graft"`
`expression`	string	Expression applied to the output

Notes:

Marshalling options (avoidMarshalGuids, avoidGraftOutputs, avoidMarshalInputs) are only available on C#, Python 3, and IronPython 2 components (those implementing IScriptComponent)
Default value for all marshalling options is false (marshalling active). Only store true values (when “Avoid” is enabled).
The “out” parameter is only present when showStandardOutput is true

7.5 VB Script

VB Script components have three code sections:

{
  "name": "VB Script",
  "componentState": {
    "extensions": {
      "gh.vbscript": {
        "vbCode": {
          "imports": "Imports System.Math",
          "script": "A = Sin(x)",
          "additional": "' Helper functions here"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

7.6 GhPython (Old GhPython / Ladybug Tools)

Old GhPython script components (ZuiPythonComponent from GhPython.dll) store their code in the componentState.extensions object under the gh.ghpython key. This covers:

The generic GhPython Script component from the Grasshopper toolbar.
Ladybug Tools components (LB Hourly Plot, LB Sunpath, etc.).
Honeybee, Dragonfly, and any other plugin that ships pre-configured ZuiPythonComponent instances.

Unlike Rhino 8 script components (C#, Python 3, IronPython 2) which implement IScriptComponent, old GhPython components do not expose that interface. Marshalling options (avoidMarshalGuids, avoidGraftOutputs, avoidMarshalInputs) are therefore not applicable.

{
  "name": "LB Hourly Plot",
  "library": "Ladybug",
  "componentGuid": "410755b1-224a-4c1e-a407-bf32fb45ea7e",
  "id": 1,
  "pivot": "100,200",
  "inputSettings": [
    {
      "parameterName": "_data",
      "access": "list"
    },
    {
      "parameterName": "_base_pt_"
    }
  ],
  "outputSettings": [
    {
      "parameterName": "mesh"
    },
    {
      "parameterName": "legend"
    }
  ],
  "componentState": {
    "extensions": {
      "gh.ghpython": {
        "code": "# Ladybug: A Plugin for Environmental Analysis (GPL)\n# ...\ntry:\n    from ladybug_rhino.grasshopper import ...\nexcept ImportError as e:\n    raise ImportError(...)",
        "showStandardOutput": true
      }
    }
  }
}

Extension key: gh.ghpython

Extension properties:

Property	Type	Required	Description
`code`	string	Yes	Python (IronPython) script code
`showStandardOutput`	boolean	No	Whether the `out` standard output parameter is visible (default: true)
`outModifiers`	object	No	Modifiers for the `out` parameter (same shape as section 7.4)

Notes:

For Ladybug/Honeybee components the code property captures the embedded script for documentation and AI understanding. During deserialization on a machine where the plugin is installed, AddedToDocument may reinitialize the component from the plugin’s own script files.
The inputSettings and outputSettings arrays capture script parameter details (access mode, variable names, type hints) the same way as section 7.4.
Marshalling options are not available on old GhPython components; do not include avoidMarshalGuids, avoidGraftOutputs, or avoidMarshalInputs.

7.7 Scribble

Scribble geometry is defined by three corner offsets relative to the component pivot: A (top-left origin), B (top-right), and D (bottom-left). Corner C is derived as B + D - A (parallelogram rule). This minimal representation preserves rotation.

{
  "name": "Scribble",
  "componentState": {
    "extensions": {
      "gh.scribble": {
        "text": "Design Notes",
        "fontFamily": "Arial",
        "fontSize": 14,
        "fontStyle": "Bold",
        "corners": ["0,0", "200,0", "0,100"]
      }
    }
  }
}

Property	Type	Required	Description
`text`	string	Yes	Scribble text content
`corners`	array of 3 strings	Yes	Corner offsets relative to pivot as `"x,y"` pairs: `[A, B, D]`. Corner C = B + D − A.
`fontFamily`	string	No	Font family name (default: system default)
`fontSize`	number	No	Font size in points (default: 12)
`fontStyle`	string	No	Font style: `Regular`, `Bold`, `Italic`, `BoldItalic` (default: `Regular`)

8. Validation

8.1 Schema Validation

GhJSON documents SHOULD validate against the JSON Schema at:

https://architects-toolkit.github.io/ghjson-spec/schema/v1.0/ghjson.schema.json

8.2 Structural Validation

Beyond schema validation, implementations SHOULD verify:

Unique IDs: All component id values are unique
Valid references: All connection endpoint id values reference existing components
Valid parameter names: Connection paramName values exist on referenced components
Group membership: All group members reference existing component IDs

8.3 Grasshopper Validation

When deserializing, implementations MAY additionally verify:

Component existence: The componentGuid or name matches an installed component
Type compatibility: Connected parameter types are compatible
Plugin dependencies: Required plugins are installed

9. Examples

9.1 Minimal Document

{
  "components": [
    {
      "name": "Number Slider",
      "instanceGuid": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111",
      "id": 1,
      "pivot": "100,100",
      "componentState": {
        "extensions": {
          "gh.numberslider": {
            "value": "5<0~10>"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

9.2 Simple Addition

{
  "schema": "1.0",
  "components": [
    {
      "name": "Number Slider",
      "instanceGuid": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111",
      "id": 1,
      "pivot": "100,100",
      "componentState": {
        "extensions": {
          "gh.numberslider": {
            "value": "5<0~10>"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Number Slider",
      "instanceGuid": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222",
      "id": 2,
      "pivot": "100,150",
      "componentState": {
        "extensions": {
          "gh.numberslider": {
            "value": "3<0,10>"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Addition",
      "componentGuid": "a0d62394-a118-422d-abb3-6af115c75b25",
      "instanceGuid": "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333",
      "id": 3,
      "pivot": "300,125"
    },
    {
      "name": "Panel",
      "instanceGuid": "44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444",
      "id": 4,
      "pivot": "500,125"
    }
  ],
  "connections": [
    { "from": { "id": 1, "paramName": "Number" }, "to": { "id": 3, "paramName": "A" } },
    { "from": { "id": 2, "paramName": "Number" }, "to": { "id": 3, "paramName": "B" } },
    { "from": { "id": 3, "paramName": "Result" }, "to": { "id": 4, "paramName": "Input" } }
  ]
}

9.3 With Groups and Metadata

{
  "schema": "1.0",
  "metadata": {
    "description": "Simple addition example",
    "author": "GhJSON Team",
    "created": "2026-01-11T10:00:00Z"
  },
  "components": [
    {
      "name": "Number Slider",
      "instanceGuid": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111",
      "id": 1,
      "pivot": "100,100",
      "componentState": {
        "extensions": {
          "gh.numberslider": {
            "value": "5<0~10>"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Number Slider",
      "instanceGuid": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222",
      "id": 2,
      "pivot": "100,150",
      "componentState": {
        "extensions": {
          "gh.numberslider": {
            "value": "3<0~10>"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Addition",
      "instanceGuid": "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333",
      "id": 3,
      "pivot": "300,125"
    }
  ],
  "connections": [
    { "from": { "id": 1, "paramName": "Number" }, "to": { "id": 3, "paramName": "A" } },
    { "from": { "id": 2, "paramName": "Number" }, "to": { "id": 3, "paramName": "B" } }
  ],
  "groups": [
    {
      "instanceGuid": "aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa",
      "name": "Inputs",
      "color": "argb:255,200,220,255",
      "members": [1, 2]
    }
  ]
}

Appendix A: MIME Type

The recommended MIME type for GhJSON files is:

application/vnd.grasshopper.ghjson+json

Appendix B: Schema Registry

The GhJSON schema is registered at:

GitHub: https://github.com/architects-toolkit/ghjson-spec
Schema URL: https://architects-toolkit.github.io/ghjson-spec/schema/v1.0/ghjson.schema.json

Appendix C: Version History

Version	Date	Changes
1.0	2026-01-11	Initial specification

GhJSON Format Specification

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Design Principles

1.3 File Extension

1.4 Encoding

2. Document Structure

2.1 Properties

2.2 Metadata

3. Components

3.1 Component Structure

3.2 Component Properties

3.3 Pivot Format

3.4 Component Identification

3.5 Integer IDs

3.6 Parameter Settings (inputSettings / outputSettings)

4. Connections

4.1 Connection Structure

4.2 Connection Properties

4.3 Endpoint Properties

5. Groups

5.1 Group Structure

5.2 Group Properties

6. Data Types

6.1 Basic Types

6.2 Geometric Types

7. Component-Specific Formats

7.1 Number Slider

7.2 Panel

7.3 Value List

7.4 Script Components (C#, Python, IronPython)

7.5 VB Script

7.6 GhPython (Old GhPython / Ladybug Tools)

7.7 Scribble

8. Validation

8.1 Schema Validation

8.2 Structural Validation

8.3 Grasshopper Validation

9. Examples

9.1 Minimal Document

9.2 Simple Addition

9.3 With Groups and Metadata

Appendix A: MIME Type

Appendix B: Schema Registry

Appendix C: Version History

3.6 Parameter Settings (`inputSettings` / `outputSettings`)